The membrane structure belongs to the spatial structure system, which is different from the general steel, wood, brick and reinforced concrete structure, and is a new structural system that has emerged after the grid frame, thin shell and suspension structure. In the past 30 years, the role and advantages of prestressed cables in structural systems have been fully recognized by engineers, and various new cable and membrane structural systems have been widely studied and applied. From the structure and force characteristics of membrane structure, the membrane structure can be divided into three categories: tensile membrane structure, inflatable membrane structure and frame membrane structure.

2.1 Tensile membrane structure
Tensile membrane structure is through boundary conditions to apply a certain pretension stress to the membrane material, membrane is both the maintenance body of the building and as a structure to resist the role of external load, so under certain initial conditions, the determination of its shape, stress distribution and deformation in the membrane under the action of external load, and how to use two-dimensional membrane materials to simulate three-dimensional space surfaces and a series of complex problems, all need to be determined by calculation, the development of tensile membrane structure is inseparable from the progress of computer technology and the proposal of new algorithms.

2.2 Inflatable membrane structure
The gas-supported membrane structure relies on the air pressure difference between the inside and outside the curved surface to maintain the shape of the membrane surface. The gas-bearing membrane structure is a structural form in which air is filled with indoor air composed of membrane structure, and the indoor air pressure is always greater than the outdoor air pressure, so that the membrane material is in a state of tension to resist the load load and external force. The structure of the inflatable membrane is divided into a single-layer structure and a double-layer structure, the single-layer structure is like soap bubbles, and the internal pressure of the single-layer membrane is greater than the external pressure. This structure has the characteristics of large space, light weight and simple construction. However, it is necessary to continuously input overpressure gas and daily maintenance management. The double-layer structure is filled with gas between the double-layer membranes, and compared with the single layer, high-pressure air can be filled to form a certain rigid structure, and the inlet and outlet can be open.

2.3 Frame membrane structure
In the frame membrane structure, the membrane surface only plays a role in maintaining the frame structure, and the frame structure can be a traditional rigid structure or a variety of cable structures.